Animal Testing Should Be Banned - 1364 Words

From the soap we use to wash our hands to the newest drug therapy on the market, many people do not think about how products are formulated for their safety and benefit. Using animals for these experimentations usually does not come to mind. Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for years while these animals suffer consequences with no positive outcomes for themselves. Even if a product or procedure is deemed successful, these animals are frequently euthanized due to mutations and other effects from experimentations that are inflicted upon them. Even though this is a traditional method of creating products and new procedures, animal testing should be prohibited because it is inhumane, is not guaranteed to predict beneficial outcomes, and there are many reliable, yet cost effective alternatives available that do not utilize animals. Animals testing dates back to as early as 300 BC to gain a better understanding about human anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology (Hajar 42). Companies and scientists have used these methods of experimentation ever since. As a result, over 1 million animals excluding birds, reptiles, and agricultural animals die in the United States alone, with an estimation of over 100 million deaths of mice and rats (U.S. Department ofShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned880 Words   |  4 Pagesdepending on animals testing. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. Those animals have the right to live, according to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals; the other opinion, supports the idea of animal testing as the important part of the source of what has reached medicine of the results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year huge numbers of animals a re sacrificed for the science all these animals, whetherRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned776 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Should be Banned  ¨Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisioned and abused in US labs every year ¨ ( ¨11 Facts About Animal Testing ¨). Imagine if that was someones animal getting tortured in labs just to test things such as beauty products and perfume. Animal testing was first suggested when,  ¨Charles Darwin evolutionary theory in the mid 1850s also served to suggest that animals could serve as effective models to facilitate biological understanding in humans ¨ (Murnaghan)Read MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned940 Words   |  4 Pages1). Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year. 2). 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials. (DoSomething â€Å"11 Facts About Animal Testing†). There are currently no laws combating the testing of cosmetics on animals, but the practice is harmful and must be ended. As evidenced by the statistics above, millions of animals are tortured and murdered in the United States every year for virtually no reasonRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Banned?1665 Words   |  7 PagesTesting Cosmetics on Animals Companies around the world use animals to test cosmetics. Animals, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, and mice, are used to test the effects of chemicals on the eyes and skin. While animal testing is not mandatory, many companies use it. About Cosmetics Animal Testing by the Humane Society International talks about the different options companies have that do not require the cruel use and eventual death of animals. The article also talks about the overallRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1572 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Testing Every year, over two hundred million innocent animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Of those animals, between seventeen and twenty million are used in the United States alone. It is said that an animal dies in a laboratory every three seconds (Animal Testing 101). Those in favor of animal experimentation say they are taking animals’ lives to save humans. It is not necessary to subject animals to torturous conditions or painful experiments in theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some ani mals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing Should Be Banned Throughout the decades, animals have been used in medical research to test the safety of cosmetics including makeup, hair products, soaps, perfume, and countless of other products. Animals have also been used to test antibiotics and other medicines to eliminate any potential risks that they could cause to humans. The number of animals worldwide that are used in laboratory experiments yearly exceeds 115 million animals. Unfortunately, only a small percentage ofRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned2391 Words   |  10 Pageseasier for consumers. These are only mild examples of the animal testing that goes on every single day around the world, and right here in the United States of America. Animals are kept in lonely, cold, dirty kennels, and some never see the light of day. They are tested on, force fed, and often mistreated even when the tests are over. Every day innocent animals are shocked, injected, poisoned, restrained, and endure excruciating pain testing chemicals in most, i f not all, of the products everyday Americans

The Postcolonial Interpretations Of Shakespeares The Tempest

The Tempest, written by playwright William Shakespeare is one of his most popular, yet also controversial plays. This paper will discuss the postcolonial interpretations of Shakespeare’s play, by looking at the nature of colonialism, and how it has been incorporated within his play, through the role of the colonized versus the colonizers. This paper will also compare how 21st century audience’s views may differ to that of the traditional Elizabethan’s, in relation to the play’s treatment of the original inhabitants of the island. Written between the years of 1610 and 1611, The Tempest is thought by many critics to be one of the last pays Shakespeare wrote independently. Full of magic, deceit, and conspiracies, The Tempest is one of†¦show more content†¦As stated by Deborah Willis in her article Shakespeare s Tempest and the Discourse of Colonialism, â€Å"Prospero dominates this play in a way few Shakespearean characters do in others† (279), though with that being said the play does not favor him nor does it endorse his treatment and abuse of the Islands natives, but simply accepts it as is. Prospero does this through his overall power seen continually throughout the play, and it is this idea of power that divides the colonizer from the colonized or in this case Prospero from Caliban and Ariel. Furthermore, an example of this abused use of power can be seen in act 1 scene 2, when Prospero reminds Ariel of the kindness he has shown, â€Å"Dost thou forget/From what a torment I did free thee?â €  (1.2.299-300) in saying this Prospero reminds Ariel that he owes his freedom to Prospero and therefore his servitude. Furthermore, the relationship struggle for dominance between Prospero and Caliban is highly apparent in Act 3 Scene 2, when Caliban the original ruler of the island, explains that Prospero is an intruder and has betrayed his trust and initial welcome by enslaving him, in order to rule the Island himself, â€Å"I say by sorcery he got this isle;/From me he got it. If thy greatness will, /Revenge it on him, for I know thou dar st,/But this thing dare not.† (3.2.59-62). Even though Caliban is hailed as the original ruler of the Island throughout the entire play, after his mother’s entrapment, as seen in act 1 sceneShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Colonialism In The Tempest944 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tempest, written by playwright William Shakespeare is one of his most popular, yet also controversial plays. This paper will discuss the postcolonial interpretations of Shakespeare’s play, by looking at the nature of colonialism, and how it has been incorporated within his play, through the role of the colonized versus the colonizers. This paper will also compare how 21st century audience’s views may differ to that of the traditional Elizabethan’s, in relation to the play’s treatment of the originalRead MoreDantes3100 Words   |  13 Pages13 Practice: Revision Strategies The tempest one of the most difficult Shakespearean works in my opion to stage, from its stormy, chaotic first scene to its sureality to its ambiguous resolution, with Prospero facing his silent, treacherous brother and renouncing the power that has made every action in the story possible. Potent language remains the central force and mystery of this fathomless play. Prospero speaks almost a third of the lines in The Tempest, and controls the amount of speech everyRead MoreA Critical Note on New Historicism Essay2751 Words   |  12 PagesStylistics and Structural Criticism (1960s) †¢ Poststructuralist Criticism; Discourse Analysis; Reader-Response Criticism; Reception Theory; and Speech Act Theory (1970s) †¢ Dialogism; Cultural Studies; New Historicism; and Queer Theory (1980s) †¢ Postcolonial theory; Eco-Criticism; and Diasporic Studies II New Historicism: The term New Historicism is fathered by Stephen Greenblatt in his well-known book The Power of Forms and the Forms of Power in the Renaissance (1982). It has originated mainly as

Why the Cash for the Business Does Not Equal to the Profit free essay sample

The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate the understanding of the accounting double entry system and how these transactions appear on an income statement and a balance sheet as well as to interpret reasons why the cash position for the business does not equal to the profit for the period. By showing the spreadsheet, two financial statements and looking into theories of matching principle, prepayments and accruals, provisions(bad debts and depreciation), it is not hard to distinguish the cash flow from the profit. Content It is vital to understand the cash position and the profit do not necessarily go together when running business. Profitable businesses still can go out of business because of cash flow problems. Cash flow is the movement of money in and out of the company’s bank account during a financial period. While profits are determined by the income earned with the expenses incurred in earning that income, which reveals the profit is simply the result of income minus expenses. We will write a custom essay sample on Why the Cash for the Business Does Not Equal to the Profit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, transactions of income and expenses take place not only on a cash basis but also on a credit basis. Accounting, therefore, has to be used to adjust the timing difference in recording transactions to reflect the whole genuine picture. An important principle that is particularly relevant to the interpretation of the distinction between the cash position and the profit is the matching principle. The matching principle, also called accruals principle, recognizes income when it is earned and recognizes expenses when they are incurred, not necessarily when money is received or paid out (a method called cash accounting), which allows better calculation and evaluation of actual profits and performance, and reduces discrepancy from timing mismatch between when costs are incurred and when revenue is realized. In the spreadsheet, the transaction of â€Å"company sells goods on credit for $7,000† illustrates the income, with the corresponding effect to the profit, by matching principle well. That means the double entry is an increase in asset receivables and an increase in income when the income is earned rather than it is received. This income is accrued by treating as income for profit purposes even though no cash payment has yet been made by the customer. Likewise, the transaction of â€Å"Company carries out advertising. The cost of $1,000 will be paid next month† revealed matching principle as well in interpreting expenses. The expense is accrued when advertising occurs for profit purpose though the money has not been paid yet. From which, we can initially acknowledge the gap between the cash position with profits. Prepayments also play a pivotal role in leading the difference between the cash and profits, because prepayments, such as insurance, require cash payments made in advance and are not recognized as expenses, but as assets, until the actual products are sold. For instance, the company needs to pay insurance 12 months in advance for $60,000 in cash on 1 March. At the end of financial year on 30 June, the business will only treat the amount of $20,000 (insurance premium for 4 months) which has occurred as an expense and will treat the remaining amount of $40,000 as a prepayment in a current asset account, even though $60,000 cash has been paid in advance. So the amount of cash outflow equals to the expense paid at year end plus the remaining prepayment which has not been paid. But due to the timing difference, the influence on the profit is later than that on the cash. Accruals, such as electricity bill, on the contrary, accrue expenses rather than cash in advance according to the historical data even if the bill has not been received and cash has not been paid yet for profit purpose. Consequently, profits have been affected while the cash flow does not change until the bill received and paid. Then, provision is a liability against the balance of the cash flow and profits as well. Provisions are estimates of possible liabilities that may arise shown in the balance sheet, but where there is uncertainty as to timing or the amount of money. The estimate is based on the likely cost to be incurred in the future rather than the present. One typical type of provisions is bad debts that does not affect cash, but decreases the current asset receivables and increases the expense with a corresponding decline in profit. As the company foresees that the customer experiences the difficulty in paying back the money, the provision account has to set aside certain amount of money to account for the bad debts that is likely to be incurred, which brings the negative impact on profits and no impact on cash ultimately. A further example against the reconciliation between the cash flow and the profit is depreciation, which is also one important type of provisions. In accrual accounting, depreciation (or amortization) is an expense where no cash is outlaid but the expense is shown with a corresponding decrease in profit. Depreciation, which is used to distribute the cost of assets to write off the value of each fixed asset over its expected life span, comprises the usage for tangible assets such as buildings, equipments, and infrastructures (not the land) as well as for intangible assets, such as goodwill and patents, etc. For example, if a machine is bought for $100,000 with a life span of 10 years, then the depreciation cost of $10,000 of the machine is spread to each year, rather than charging $100,000 in the first year and nothing in the next 9 years. Therefore, the corresponding profit will be persistently diminished in 10 years until assets can be depreciated in a nil value in the balance sheet. But during this period, there is no cash impacted by the depreciation at all. That is the reason why in reporting profits, some companies show the profit before depreciation(or amortization) is deducted because it can be a substantial cost, but one that does not result in any cash flow. Conclusion In summary, given the number of factors that mentioned above, including matching principle (accrual accounting), prepayments and accruals, provisions(bad debts and depreciation), we can conclude that the cash flow and profits – two very important aspects of any business do not reconcile necessarily. But they are two areas over which the business does have control in managing and implementation to achieve optimum results.

Mitosis experiment free essay sample

Introduction The practical will involve the preparation, observation, and classification, of the various stages of mitosis by observing garlic root tips using a microscope. The study comes under the heading of cytogenetics which is the visual characterisation of genetic material and the study of how that material reacts during the life of the cell. Strictly speaking, mitosis is the division of the nucleus into two daughter nuclei that are identical to one another and to the parent nucleus. Mitosis is part of the cell cycle which also includes chromosome replication and division of the cytoplasm i.e. cytokinesis. The chromosomes are always present in the nucleus but they are most easily seen when the nucleus divides. During this division process chromosomes contract significantly after which they can be seen under the light microscope as distinct thread-like structures. Chromosomes are usually studied by obtaining actively dividing tissue, fixing the material to kill the cells, and to preserve their structure, staining the chromosomes with a dye, and then observing them with a microscope. We will write a custom essay sample on Mitosis experiment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By studying mitosis in this way, changes that occur in the chromosomes can be observed and the visible events that bring about the process of heredity in somatic (body) cells can be seen. Furthermore, using certain chemicals it is possible to arrest the division process at the end of prophase and catch the chromosomes in their most condensed form (see karyotyping). This technique permits the study of number, size, and form, of the chromosomes, and enables us to see how these aspects of chromosome organisation vary from one species to another. General Procedures for making Slides to study Mitosis Cells, dividing by mitosis, can be found in the actively growing (meristems) part of an organism and in tissues where the cells require continual replacement. It is usual to work with meristematic regions of the roots although various other parts of plants can be used. In animals the source of material may be young embryos, cells from the testes or in humans, white blood cells grown in culture medium. For most purposes, study of the meristematic or actively dividing region of plant root tips is the most convenient. A simple method, and the one that is used in this case, is to suspend a clove of garlic (Allium sativum) on a beaker full of water so that  the bottom of the clove is covered by the water. Within a day or two, roots will have begun to grow into the water and these can be used when they are about one centimeter in length. The resultant preparations should allow study of all the stages of mitosis. Procedure for root tip preparations 1.Garlic root tips have been heated for 1h at 60 ºC in aceto-orcein stain contained in boiling tubes 2.Transfer an undamaged root tip (i.e. one with an intact point to the tip) to a clean microscope slide using a pair of forceps 3.Gently angle a cover slip over the specimen and lower it on 4.Place three squares of blotting paper over the cover slip and gently, then with increased pressure, press your thumb vertically down on the blotting paper 5.This removes excess stain and helps separate the chromosomes to provide increased clarity Studying mitosis under the microscope 6.Place the slide on the stage of the microscope and focus on typically dividing cells using the X10 objective. The morphology of cells in the dividing region of the root is quite specific, by being relatively square and in uniform long lines. 7.Once the region of division has been located change to the X40 objective to view the chromosomes and identify the various stages of division. 8.It is important not to look just for the various stages in isolation but to fit them into the pattern of the cell cycle starting with prophase and ending with telophase. 9.Draw and label each stage noting on your diagram the magnification (use half a page for each drawing. 10.If possible note the number of chromosomes present in the somatic cells of garlic by counting the chromosomes in ten representative cells. You should ask yourself the following questions: †¢Are the chromosomes present as discrete structures? †¢Are chromatids visible and are they discrete? †¢Are the chromatids orientated in any particular way? †¢Have the chromatids separated into two distinct groups? †¢What mitotic stage(s) is/are most common? †¢Can I identity the various stages of thickening in prophase? †¢Can I assess the relative positions of the centromeres? †¢Can I follow the progress of the chromosomes at anaphase by studying various cells in anaphase by noting the approximate positions of the centromeres? †¢Can I identify cytokinesis by improving the clarity of the telophase stage (see appendix)? †¢Do I observe any polyploidy cells? Stages of mitosis Interphase Strictly speaking, interphase is not a phase of mitosis, but is the normal resting state of a cell. The chromosomes are present as an amorphous stained material. Prophase The chromosomes gradually shorten and thicken by contraction or condensation and so become more obvious. This reduces the chances of chromosomal entanglement or breakage in the later stages of mitosis. Careful observation of prophase and metaphase under high power will verify the fact that each chromosome is a double structure composed lengthways of a pair of sister chromatids that will eventually move to opposite ends of the cell during anaphase. Metaphase When the chromosomes have migrated or congressed to the equator of the cell they are said to be in the metaphase condition. The chromosomes become attached at their centromeres to the spindle such that the sister chromatids are attached to opposite poles. The spindle will not be visible using the aceto-orcein staining method but the centromeres can be located lying along the equator. Anaphase Sister chromatids are held together by a cohesive force of unknown nature up until the beginning of anaphase. At the beginning of anaphase the cohesive force lapses to allow the chromatids to move to opposite poles of the spindle. In these anaphase cells the approximate position of the centromeres  can be determined because they now point directly to the poles, whilst the chromosome arms trail behind.

David by Michelangelo vs Bernini Essays

David by Michelangelo vs Bernini Essays David by Michelangelo vs Bernini Paper David by Michelangelo vs Bernini Paper Im going to compare and contrast sculptures of a biblical hero character found in the old testament; David. David was one of the most anointed man of God found in the bible. Perhaps thats one of the reasons why there are so many different versions of David, that a lot of artists from deferent periods depicts many different story of Davits life. David become the King of Israel after Saul stepped down. His name become well known as the King of Israel. Not to mention, he was first acknowledge when he win against Giant Goliath with only a stick and a few tones on his hands. He called upon Gods name and took his first shot which goes straight Into Goliath head and killed him. The first David that Im going to talk about is David in the period of High Renaissance done by Michelangelo Bonaparte. Michelangelo was one of the greatest sculptor of all time. As his work David become one of the most famous masterpiece that he has done, which has been admired by a lot of people even until now. It was made between the year 1501-1504 by Michelangelo when he was only 24. He was given a ant slab of marble that other sculptor had disregard years before. No one has never expected that it turns out to be one of the greatest art work in the history. The statue was made on the city of Florence and was originally located at Piazza Della Signora. It Is then moved to prevent breakage from time and weather. The statue Is now resides in the Gallery of the Academia did Belle Are. Michelangelo choose one of the most famous story of David, facing a nine foot, bronze armored Philistine; Giant Goliath. He depicts the moment before the fight here David Is walling for the Goliath approach. He stands calmly In a classical contraption pose yet Novitiate Sell Japer 03241224 Linda Lie attentively as we can see clearly from his expression. HIS head Is turned, followed by his furrowed eye brow translate clearly to the viewer that he is in the moment of battle, even though the viewer cannot see the Goliath presence. Michelangelo portray David as a strong, heroic, nude male, almost have a similar characteristic to Hellenic period type of art. Michelangelo represented David as a strong and loathe man both physically and mentally condition, symbolize a Napoleonic Ideal. It was the first nude male figure sculpted since classical antiquity. He believe that 1 OFF TTY Is Levee Duty Tort wince cant De translated as propane. Dad proportions and expressions represents a typical of Michelangelo work. It depicts self control as well as tension at the same time. As from what I have described, Michelangelo David somewhat characterize and symbolize perfectly on Florentine feeling. During that time, Florence was going through some difficult time. Because they were a major political force in Italy at that time, Florence was feared that they will dominate against Rome. The city then becomes alert and ready to face continual threats. David represented as a heroic male model of courage. David delivers a strong message of his inner spiritual strength which can proved that they are more effective than a mans strength. He showed us that his faith in God has saved him, not because his own strength but it is all by God (The Lord is my strength and my shield. ). Florentine picturing themselves s David fighting against the Giant Roman. The statue representing their feelings become the civic piece of the City of Florence which represents the Florentine pride. The next David that Im going to discuss is David in the period of Italian Baroque done by Giant Lorenz Bernie. It was done between 1623 to 1624, sculpted by Bernie at the age of 25. Just like Michelangelo, Bernie is an artist who worked in a variety of mediums, but sculpting is his passion. Not Just that, both artists sculpted the same biblical hero David on his fight against Giant Goliath. Looking at the two Davis, both artists visualized different moment and feeling into their sculpture, even though it comes from the same story. Michelangelo gives a story before the Giant Goliath approached, while Bernie captures right on the moment of battle, a man of dynamic mid-action. He represents David on his maximum torque, his torso is twisted at the very back ready to release his stone, making him to a diagonal postures that fills with energy. The sculpture has the characteristics of Italian Baroque art, they are dynamic in composition, theatrical setting, full of actions and emotions. Almost like a typical of Hellenic sculpture. The energy and drama that the artist show doesnt only come from the gestures but it pictured clearly on Davits expressions as well. He is pushing his eye brow together depicts such a great determination, and concentration. The way he is biting his lips also create a great tension to the scene. The whole physical movement and gestures is known as Baroque moment, a time when the action has been captured in mid-narration. Looking from the gestures and all the motions that David presented it is somewhat oiling the viewer the emotional that relates to the battle between churches. As during the 1517 there was a shifting of Catholic teaching known as Protestant Reformation under the leadership of Martin Luther. He was displeased with the Catholic churches as well as the leaders and their life style. As a result he break away from the former Catholic churches and established a new Christianity known as Protestantism. Tater ten Protestant Retardation, tanner Is a gap Detente ten catholic and Protestant. Many of the Catholics began to follow Luther and become Protestant. Novitiate Selling Japer During the mid 16th century throughout 17th century, the Catholics began to acts theological campaign lead by the Pope in Rome, known as the Catholic Counter Reformation. The goal is to inspire the population with the work of art and architecture and pursued them to stay faithful with Catholic church and bring them back. The David by Bernie perhaps telling the viewer the way the Catholic churches felt as they were battling against Luther to win people back. In conclusion, both artists specialized their talent on sculpting even though they do work with other hypes of medium.

Understanding the Nature of Ethics in the Landscape of Accounting Essay

Understanding the Nature of Ethics in the Landscape of Accounting - Essay Example It should be understood however, that these sets of rules are minimum guidelines or criteria guidance, because the concrete actions of the public accountant or auditor in particular situations, lies in the general principles of codes themselves and the principles of ethical science enrolled in the within man. A distinctive feature of the audit profession is the recognition and acceptance of the duties to act in the public interest. Therefore, the responsibility of the auditor is not limited exclusively meeting the needs of individual client or employer. Acting in the public interest, the auditor is obliged to respect and obey the rules of professional ethics of auditors. This Code of Ethics for Auditors is a code of professional ethics auditor, i.e. established and widely used in the conduct of the audit rules of conduct of the auditor and audit firm is not required by law. As it is not possible to determine the rules of professional ethics for all situations and circumstances that can confront the auditor in the conduct of audit activities, the Code contains only the basic rules. Abstract There are two basic directions in ethics, ethics of the mind that justifies an action by reference to intention and ethics of the consequence that justifies an action by reference to results. The founda tion of civilized society is based on the ethical values and without these values; the civilized society can fall rapidly. The main purpose of ethics in business is directing men and women to obey code and conducts that encourages the people to have confidence in the products or services offered to them. In the field of accounting, it is the responsibility of the professional accounting organization to provide comprehensive guidelines to the organizations so they can perform their operations by considering ethical values. The purpose of this paper is to explain unethical accounting practices Table of Contents Summary 1 Abstract 2 Discussion 4 1. What is Ethics? 5 2. Accounting ethics 6 3. Ethics & professional practice 6 4. Professional accountancy bodies 7 5. Reason for Developing Ethical Standards 8 5.1. Standards of Reporting 8 5.2. To Ensure Integrity 8 5.3. To Ensure Objectivity 9 5.4. To Maintain the Confidentiality 9 5.5. To Improve the Productivity 9 5.6. To Ensure Professio nal Competence & Due Diligence 9 5.7. Maintaining Professional Behavior 10 6. Why Public Interest and Public trust are Important? 10 7. Why ethics are important in the field of accounting? 10 7.1. Fraud 11 7.2. Accuracy 11 7.3. Macro Economic Issues 12 Conclusion 12 References 12 Understanding the Nature of Ethics in the Landscape of Accounting Introduction Ethics related to business operation is currently treated as burning question due to thrilling scandals that have caused economical turmoil’s in several countries. These astounding business scandals raise many questions about the integrity and morality of accountants and businessman. It is critical argued by many economists that accountants are the main reason behind the deterioration of the ethical standards of a business. Following the collapse of WorldCom and Enron in year 2002, International Federation of Accountant (IFAC) published a report with title â€Å"Rebuilding public confidence in financial reporting – an international perspective†. Findings of the report concluded that financial disorders of corporations were the upshots of problems related to improper management of ethical standards. The report identified that to increase confidence of public in financial repo

Factors affecting the rate of a chemical reaction The kinetics of a Lab Report

Factors affecting the rate of a chemical reaction The kinetics of a Thiosulfate Solution - Lab Report Example The first protonation occurs at the sulfur atom. (Holleman & Wiberg, 2001) Various approaches are used to study the kinetics of reactions. A usual procedure is to monitor some property, such as intensity of color due to a reactant or product, which changes during the course of a reaction. In the present experiment, the priority studied is the precipitation of a product, sulfur, which forms when solution of hydrochloric acid and Thiosulfate are mixed. On mixing a solution of acid, such as HCI, and a thiosulfate solution, there is an initial time-delay, then a precipitate of sulfur appears fairly sharply. The time interval between initial mixing and sulfur precipitation is a measure of the initial rate of reaction (i.e. the amount of time for a given amount of product, sulfur, to form). Recall that a rate for a chemical reaction is expressed as an amount of product formed (or reactant used up) divided by the time interval of the change: The aim of my experiment is to determine the dependence of the initial rate of reaction on the initial concentration of thiosulfate ion. The concentration of the other reactant, H+, will be kept constant. A higher initial concentration of thiosulfate will lead to faster rate of reaction, since an increase in the number of thiosulfate ions per unit volume will lead to higher probability for successful collision. (2) A solution of 1 M sodium thiosulfate, is available (center bench or hood). Add 70 mL of this solution to 210 mL of water to make a solution approximately 0.25 M in thiosulfate. We will refer to this as your "stock thiosulfate solution". (7) The experiment is now repeated four more times, using progressively more dilute thiosulfate solutions. Note, however, that for each experiment, the disappearance of the "X" corresponds to formation of the same amount of precipitated sulfur in the reaction mixture. The diluted solutions are prepared as follows: Both